The young, attractive breast:

• Is full and firm
• Has a cup size of B or C.
• Breast Proportion: Whether we find a female breast attractive or not depends on its proportions. There is no universal mathematical formula for the “perfect female breast”. The individual breast size and breast shape (body proportions) must always be considered in connection with physical conditions such as body weight, height and stature. The following numbers are used as a guide to a beautiful breast: 90-60-90 and 45-55-20.
• Breast shape: Above the nipple, the skin should be flat or slightly curved inwards (concavity), below it should be curved outwards (convexity)

• Areola
• Nipples
• should protrude
• should point upwards at a medium angle (20 degrees) and slightly outwards.
• average nipple diameter (width): 0,9 – 1.3 cm
• average nipple height (length):     0,5 – 0. 9cm

There are gender differences in the definition of the perfect female breast

Breasts that are too small represent a great psychological burden for many women. Breast augmentation is the most common cosmetic surgery for women. An enlargement can be achieved through breast augmentation with silicone implants (→ Breast Enlargement with Silicone Breast Implants), autologous fat injection/lipofilling for natural breast augmentation without silicone prosthesis (→ Breast Enlargement with autologous fat transfer (Lipofilling) or a combination of the two aforementioned techniques (so-called hybrid technique) (→Breast Enlargement with Silicone Breast Implant and autologous fat transfer („Hybrid“ – Technik)

Excessively large breasts can lead to physical (back pain, poor posture, chronic inflammation below the breasts, ..), functional (impairments in everyday life, in sports, when choosing clothing, …) and psychological impairments (lack of self-confidence, …) in the woman to lead. There are numerous surgical techniques available for breast reduction/mammary reduction, which enable scar-saving volume reduction (→Breast Reduction)

Whether we find the breasts attractive or not depends on its proportions (basic harmony) but also on its small asymmetries. However, the breast proportions, calculated mathematically exactly, represent only a certain basic harmony. A more detailed analysis of the two breasts (the bosom) shows that the right and left breast are not completely symmetrical. Small differences between the two breasts make the breasts appear much more expressive and interesting. Larger differences, on the other hand, disturb the basic harmony and make the breasts appear less attractive. There are several treatment options for correcting breasts of different sizes (anisomastia), which are used depending on the extent of the asymmetry and the wishes of the patient. Autologous fat injection/lipofilling to correct breast asymmetries is the therapy of choice today (→Autologous fat transfer (Lipofilling) for contour defect correction). Alternatively, breast augmentation with breast implants, breast shaping on the smaller side or an equal reduction on the larger side can be performed.

After massive weight loss, there is a significant excess of inelastic skin in the area of the female breast and often also in the adjacent area of the armpit. Excess skin in the chest area appears on the front of the chest (“hanging breast”), the lateral chest wall (lateral skin sacs) and the back (posterior skin sacs). Many patients feel severely restricted as a result and even perceive this as an impairment of their quality of life, they no longer want to wear tight-fitting T-shirts or shirts. Male “sagging breasts” can be reliably corrected with the help of female breast body shape restoration, as well as lateral skin sacs with female lateral breast body shape restoration and posterior skin sacs with posterior breast body shape restoration ( back) in women. All three deformities can be reliably corrected in one operation with the help of restoring the body shape in the lateral chest area, restoring the body shape in the upper body area (“upper body lift”) in women. Patients can be restored to a normal body shape.

In the context of tissue aging, characteristic age changes appear in the area of the female breast:

– Breast consistency: The connective tissue of the female breast loses firmness as the woman ages.

– Breast volume: Hormonal changes (normal menstrual cycle, pregnancy, medication,…) can affect the shape and size of the female breasts at different stages of a woman’s life. Changes in the hormonal balance (after the menopause) lead to a decrease in glandular tissue. As a result of weight gain or loss, the proportion of fat in the area of the female breast changes, resulting in breast augmentation or breast reduction.

– Breast shape: With age, the breast becomes smaller and sags.

– Nipple: Due to the hormone-related and/or diet-related volume fluctuations and the slackening of the skin, the areola enlarges and becomes rounded, the nipple could get lengthened.

In the course of tissue aging, characteristic age changes in the area of the female breast appear: the age-related loss of volume and/or tension in the large breast muscle, the reduction in glandular tissue and breast fat tissue, coupled with a loss of elasticity in the skin, and changes in the volume and shape of the bones the soft-tissue mantle become larger than the contents. Drooping breasts develop (mammary ptosis or sagging breast). Empty and/or sagging female breasts often disturb a positive body feeling”. The selection of the corrective procedure depends on the extent of the breast sagging (ptosis), the quality of the soft skin and the patient’s wishes. When sagging (ptosis) begins, the autologous fat injection/lipofilling is the therapy of choice to correct an incipient volume loss in the breast area. Alternatively, the missing breast volume can be achieved by breast augmentation with implants. Advanced ptosis requires breast reshaping by breast lift. If your own breast volume is not sufficient to achieve the desired size and shape, an autologous fat transplant or a breast implant is also necessary.

Surgery can change the shape of the breast. Silicone breast implants can lead to the formation of what is known as capsular contracture. There are several treatment options for the therapy of capsular fibrosis: After removal of the capsular fibrosis, the shape of the breast can be restored by changing implants for capsular fibrosis or autologous fat injection/lipofilling to restore the shape of the breast after removal of a breast prosthesis. After the removal of benign and malignant breast tumors, it may also be necessary to restore the shape of the breast. In addition to reconstruction with breast implants and pedicled or free microvascular flaps, autologous fat injection/lipofilling can be used to restore the breast with autologous tissue without additional major scarring after subcutaneous mastectomy for breast cancer. Today it is possible to restore a normal breast shape up to a C-cup by means of several small, scar-saving (stab wounds) operations.